Ironic Timelines

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HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY of theEARLY KINGDOMS of SCOTLANDPART 1: AD 498-597
c.498 - King Fergus Mor leads his Scots people from Ireland into Pictland and founds the Scottish Kingdom of Dalriada.
501 - Death of King Fergus Mor of Dalriada. He is succeeded by his son, Domangart.
c.505 - Death of King Dumnagual Hen of Strathclyde. His kingdom is possibly divided between his many sons, although Cedic rises above the others.
507 - Death of King Domangart of Dalriada. He is succeeded by his son, Comgall.
c.525 - Prince Gabhran mac Domangart of Dalriada leads a Scottish party east to settle Gowrie, where he marries a British Princess, Lleian, daughter of King Brychan of Manau Gododdin and probably niece of King Cedic of Strathclyde.
c.527 - Birth of Prince Aedan, son of Prince Gabhran mac Domangart of Dalriada
c.528 - Banishment of the unmarried Princess (& Saint) Thaney from her father King Loth of Gododdin's Court at Trapain Law. The birth of her son, St. Kentigern Garthwys, follows soon afterward at Culross.
c.530 - Death of King Cedic of Strathclyde. Probable division of his kingdom between his sons, Tutgual, Senyllt & Serwan. Tutgual takes the Strathclyde homeland, Senyllt probably the area around Selkirk and Serwan elsewhere.
538 - Probable abdication of King Comgall of Dalriada in order to enter a monastery. He is succeeded by his brother, Gabhran.
542 - Death of the former King Comgall of Dalriada.
c.545 - Prince Aedan of Dalriada possibly marries Domelch, a Pictish Princess Royal.
c.550 - Death of St. Ninian, Bishop of Whithorn.
553 - King Galam Cennaleph of the Picts. He is succeeded by Bruide ipe Mailcon, whose father had been King of Gwynedd.
c.553 - St. Kentigern Garthwys founds Glasgow Cathedral adjoining a Christian cemetery established by St. Ninian; probably at the request of King Tutgual Tutclyd of Strathclyde
c.554 - Death of King Tutgual Tutclyd of Strathclyde. The kingdom is probably divided between his sons, Morcant Mwynfawr & Riderch Hael.
c.555 - St. Kentigern Garthwys, Bishop of Glasgow, tours his diocese and is opposed by King Morcant Mwynfawr of Lesser Strathclyde.
558 - The eastern settlement of the Dalriadan Scots in Gowrie are probably expelled by King Bruide ipe Mailcon of the Picts. Death of King Gabhran of Dalriada, possibly in battle. He is succeeded by his nephew, Conall mac Comgall. The Scots become subject to Pictish overlordship.
c.560 - Prince Elidyr of Strathclyde invades Gwynedd in right of his wife. He tries to expel his brother-in-law, King Rhun Hir of Gwynedd, at the Battle of the Cadnant Brook, but is killed in the process. Due to heightened persecution by King Morcant Mwynfawr of Lesser Strathclyde, St. Kentigern Garthwys flees his Glasgow diocese for the safety of South Wales, before moving Northwards to Llanelwy (St. Asaphs).
562 - St. Mo-Luag founds the monastery of Lismore.
563 - St. Columba travels from Ireland to Scotland. He establishes a monastery on the Island of Hinba (Jura) and then moves on to Iona. He is granted the Island by King Conall of Dalriada, but probably also seeks permission of King Bruide ipe Maelchon of the Picts to settle on his borders. Columba founds an Abbey on Iona and becomes a friendly rival of St. Mo-Luag.
564 - St. Comgall of Bangor's monastery on Tiree is raided by the Picts.
c.565 - King Riderch Hael of Strathclyde mounts an unsuccessful revenge attack on King Rhun Hir of Gwynedd. Rhun marches on Strathclyde and reinforces the armies of his half-brother, Bruide ipe Maelchon, in Pictland. St. Columba visits the Court of King Bruide ipe Maelchon of the Picts, near Inverness. On the way, he stops at Airdchartdan (Urquhart) on the banks of Loch Ness, converts a local chieftain and has an encounter with the famous monster.
568 - Scots chieftains amongst the Cenel Oengusa and Cenel Loairn on Islay and Seil probably rise up against King Conall of Dalriada. He overcomes the rebels with the help of the armies of King Coman Bec of Meath.
569 - Prince Aedan mac Gabhran of Dalriada establishes himself, in the right of his mother, as King of Manau Gododdin, with his capital at Eperpuill (Aberfoyle).
c.570-75 - The Northern British Alliance is forged between the kingdoms of Strathclyde, North Rheged, Bryneich and Elmet. They fight the Northumbrians at the Battles of Gwen Ystrad and the Cells of Berwyn.
573 - King Riderch Hael of Strathclyde allies himself with Kings Peredyr and Gwrgi of Ebrauc (York) and Dunaut Bwr of the Northern Pennines. They march to claim the fort at Caerlaverock from King Gwendoleu of Caer-Gwendoleu (Carwinley). The latter is killed in the Battle of Arthuret and his bard, Myrddin, is forced to flee into the Caledonian Forest.
574 - Death of King Conall of Dalriada. There is some dispute over who is his rightful heir, Eogan mac Gabhran or his brother, Aedan. There is an armed clash at Delgu in Kintyre (either between rival claimants or against King Baetan mac Cairell of Ulster trying to assert his overlordship). Although St. Columba favoured Eogan, he is told in a dream to ordain Aedan as king. Iona is established as the Royal Church of the Kingdom of the Scots. King Aedan of Dalriada reluctantly submits to King Baetan mac Cairell of Ulster as his overlord on Island Magee. St. Kentigern Garthwys leaves his Northern Welsh diocese of Llanelwy (St. Asaphs) in the hands of St. Asaph and returns to Strathclyde to reclaim the Bishopric of Glasgow.
575 - Accompanied by St. Columba, King Aedan of Dalriada meets with King Aed mac Ainmure of the Northern Ui Neill and Colman mac Comgellan, representing the people of Irish Dalriada, at the Conference of Druim Ceatt (The Mullagh, Limavady). They agree to divide taxation, military and naval service rights in Irish Dalriada; thus forging an alliance to thwart the expansionist policies of King Baetan mac Cairell of Ulster. The Scots break free from Irish overlordship.
c.575 - King Bruide ipe Mailcon of the Picts achieves overlordship of the Southern Pictish sub-kingdoms. St. Kentigern Garthwys, Bishop of Llanelwy, returns to Glasgow.
577 - King Baetan mac Cairell of Ulster attacks the Isle of Man in order to drive out the ruling British.
578 - King Baetan mac Cairell of Ulster completes his expulsion of the British from the Isle of Man. King Neithon of Ynys Manaw either flees or is killed.
580 - King Aedan of Dalriada leads a naval expedition to Orkney, possibly in retaliation for Pictish piratical raids on his kingdom.
581 - Death of King Baetan mac Cairell of Ulster.
583 - The Battle of the Isle of Man in which King Aedan of Dalriada is successful in beating back the Ulstermen from their occupation of the island. He is probably largely interested in plunder however and does not occupy Man himself.
584 - Death of King Bruide ipe Mailcon of the Picts. He is succeeded by Gartnait ipe Domelch.
c.584-597 - King Aedan of Dalriada wages war on the Picts.
589 - Conversion of Prince Constantine of Strathclyde to Christianity, probably by St. Kentigern.
590 - The Northern British Alliance (Strathclyde, North Rheged, Bryneich and Elmet) lays siege to King Hussa of Bernicia at Lindisfarne and almost exterminates the Northumbrians from Northern Britain. King Urien of North Rheged is assassinated at the behest of his jealous ally King Morcant Bulc of Bryneich. The Northumbrians recover while internal squabbles tear the British Alliance apart.
590 - King Aedan of Dalriada probably tries to re-impose his overlordship on his old Kingdom of Manau Gododdin. He is victorious against the Picts at the Battle of Leithri (probably identical with the Battle of the Miathi) fought around the upper reaches of the River Forth.
592 - Death of St. Mo-Luag, Abbot of Lismore.
597 - Death of St. Columba, Abbot of Iona. Death of Prince Eogan mac Gabhran of Dalriada.
Part 2: AD 598-714

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HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY of theEARLY KINGDOMS of SCOTLANDPART 2: AD 598-714
598 - Battle of Circin, probably at the Howe of Mearns, where King Aedan of Dalriada is defeated by the Picts after trying to assert his authority over his father’s old Kingdom of Gowrie. His sons, Eochaid Find and Artur, are killed. A further battle against the Bernicians, south of the border, leads to the death of Aedan’s son, Bran and Domangart. Kings Mynyddog Mwynfawr of Din-Eidyn & Cynan of Gododdin ride south to fight Saxon Bernicia against enormous odds at the Battle of Catraeth (Catterick). The British are victorious, but take heavy losses.
c.600 - Welsh bard, Prince Aneirin of the Northern Pennines, writes the poem, Y Gododdin, recording the events of the Battle of Catraeth (Catterick).
603 - Worried about the expansive policies of King Aethelfrith of Bernicia, King Aedan of Dalriada invades his territory, with a large contingent of Irish allies. While the Scots are busy despoiling the country, the Bernicians gather a strong army and the two clash at the Battle of Degsastan (Addinston). King Aethelfrith is victorious, but suffers heavy losses.
c.606 - King Aedan of Dalriada abdicates his throne in favour of his son, Eochaid Buide, and retires to the monastery of Kilkerran.
609 - Death of the former King Aedan of Dalriada at Kilkerran. He is succeeded by his eldest surviving son, Eochaid Buide.
612 - Death of King Riderch Hael of Strathclyde. He is succeeded by his son, St. Constantine.
614 - Death of St. Kentigern Garthwys, Bishop of Glasgow
616 - King Aethelfrith of Bernicia & Deira is killed fighting King Edwin of Deira at the Battle of the River Idle and his children are forced to flee north. His heir, Prince Eanfrith, seeks refuge with his mother's family, probably in Gododdin, and then moves further north into Pictland. King Eochaid Buide of Dalriada welcomes the younger Northumbrian princes, Oswald, Oswiu and others, to his court. From here they are converted to Christianity by the monks of Iona.
c.620 - King (& Saint) Constantine of Strathclyde probably abdicates in favour of his cousin, Neithon. Strathclyde and Gododdin are invaded by King Edwin of Deira and his army. Prince Eanfrith, heir of Bernicia, marries a Pictish Royal Princess and fathers Prince (later King) Talorcan (I) of the Picts. Princes Oswald & Oswiu of Bernicia offer their sister, Aebbe, in marriage to Prince Domnall Brecc of Dalriada, but she insists on entering the church instead.
622 - Death of Prince Conaing mac Aedan of Dalriada. He drowns at sea. Prince Domnall Brecc mac Eochaid of Dalriada joins the forces of Conall Guthbind mac Suibne in Ireland and defeats the rival Ui Neill faction at the Battle of Cenn Delgthan.
627 - In Antrim, Prince Connad Cerr, sub-King of Irish Dalriada, leads a revenge attack, on behalf of his Cenel Cruithen allies, against Fichna mac Deman at the Battle of Ard Corann and is victorious.
629 - Death of King Eochaid Buide. He is succeeded by his second cousin, Connad Cerr mac Conall. The new King falls at the Battle of Fid Eoin, supporting his Cenel Cruithen ally, Dicuil mac Eochaid, in his struggle for the Kingship of the Dalaraide. Amongst the dead are Princes Rigullan mac Conaing and Failbe mac Eochaid Buide of Dalriada and the exiled Prince Osric of Bernicia.Connad is succeeded by Domnall Brecc mac Eochaid Buide.
c.630 - Death of King Neithon of Strathclyde. He is succeeded by his son, Bili.
633 - Prince Eanfrith of Bernicia leaves Pictland to claim his rightful crown after the death of King Edwin of Deira fighting the British of Gwynedd at the Battle of Hatfield Chase.
634 - Kings Eanfrith of Bernicia and Osric of Deira are murdered by agents of King Cadwallon of Gwynedd and the former’s exiled half-brother, Oswald, theoretically succeeds to a united Northumbria. King Domnall Brecc of Dalriada lends him a force of men (including monks from Iona) and he marches south to claim his inheritance. The Scottish force clashes with the armies of King Cadwallon of Gwynedd at the Battle of Heavenfield and are victorious. King Oswald re-introduces Christianity to Northumbria and the superior of the Iona monks attempts unsuccessfully to convert his people. Oswald calls on Iona to send an evangelical Bishop instead.
635 - Battle of Caladrois (Dun Nosebridge) and the defeat of the armies of King Domnall Brecc of Dalriada. His opponent is unknown, but the conflict may have concerned the disputed overlordship of the Cenel Oengusa on Islay.
636 - King Domnall Brecc of Dalriada is forced to share power with his third cousin, Ferchar mac Connad Cerr.
637 - King Domnall Brecc of Dalriada enters into an alliance with his maternal nephew, King Congal Caech of Ulster, during the Irish dynastic wars. Helped by King Oswald of Northumbria, he sends troops to Ireland but they are severely defeated by King Domnall mac Aed and his Ui Neill alliance at the Battle of Mag Rath (Moira). On the same day, the Cenel Eogain attack Cenel Conaill lands in Donegal in support of the same King Congal Caech of Ulster. Withdrawing by sea, they are pursued and defeated at the Battle of Sailtire (Kintyre).
638 - Battle of Glen Morriston and another defeat for King Domnall Brecc of Dalriada, probably at the hands of the Picts. Dalriadan expansion into Pictish territory ceases. The Siege of Din-Eidyn (Edinburgh) by King Oswiu of Bernicia leads to the fall of the House of Gododdin. The Gododdin aristocracy flee to Strathclyde.
c.640 - Death of former King (& Saint) Constantine of Strathclyde as Abbot of Govan.
642 - King Owen of Strathclyde halts Scottish expansion by killing King Domnal Brecc of Dalriada at the Battle of Strathcarron.
c.650 - Melrose Abbey is founded by King Oswiu of Bernicia. Bishop (& Saint) Aidan of Lindisfarne sends St. Eata to be the first Abbot with St. Boisil as his Prior.
651 - Death of St. Boisil, Prior of Melrose. He is succeeded by St. Cuthbert.
653 - Through the right of his mother, Talorcan I is crowned King of the Picts at the insistence of his uncle, King Oswiu of Bernicia. He naturally accepts Northumbrian overlordship.
657 - A group of monks from Melrose travel south and found Ripon Abbey. St. Eata, Abbot of Melrose, becomes first Abbot of Ripon.
660 - Death of King Talorcan I of the Picts, possible overthrow of Northumbrian overlordship in the kingdom.
c.663 - Probable invasion of Pictland by King Oswiu of Northumbria. He establishes overlordship of, at least, the Southern Pictish sub-kingdoms of Fortriu and Fib (and possibly Circinn).
664 - Bishop (& Saint) Colman resigns his See of Lindisfarne and returns to Iona, having lost the debate concerning Roman verses Irish Celtic practices in the Northern Church at the Synod of Whitby. He is replaced by Tuda who dies of the Plague soon afterward. Tuda is then succeeded as Abbot, by St. Eata former Abbot of Ripon who brings his prior, St. Cuthbert, from Melrose Abbey to Lindisfarne.
673 - Death of King Domangart of Dalriada. He is succeeded by his nephew, Maelduin, who probably submits to King Ecgfrith of Northumbria as his overlord.
c.673 - The Picts revolt against Northumbrian overlordship. King Ecgfrith marches north and, with the help of his under-king, Beornhaeth, he defeats them in Manau-Gododdin. King Drest of the Picts is ousted.
680 - King Bruide ipe Bili of the Southern Picts begins his campaign to conquer the lands of Northern Pictland.
683 - King Bruide ipe Bili of the Picts besieged the Scots at Dunadd and brought them under his authority.
685 - The Picts, under King Bruide ipe Bili, revolt against their Northumbrian overlords. St. Cuthbert advises King Ecgfrith of Northumbria not to invade Pictland. Undeterred, Ecgfrith marches his army north to engage the enemy at the Battle of Nechtansmere (Dunnichen). The Picts, possibly with Scottish and Strathclyde Briton help, thoroughly defeat the Saxon guard. The latter permanently withdraw from Pictish and Scottish lands north of the Forth and also from much of the British territory north of the Tweed where King Dumnagual of Strathclyde re-establishes himself. Death of the childless King Ecgfrith of Northumbria. The Scottish Court helps support the House of Aethelric in securing the succession of his illegitimate half-brother, Aeldfrith. Aeldfrith is brought south from Iona, where he is studying.
698 - Pictland is invaded by Dux Berhtred of Northumbria who is subsequently killed in battle.
711 - Pictland is subject to an invasion by the Northumbrians, under Dux Berhtfrith, and are defeated in Manau Gododdin.
Part 3: AD 715-819

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HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY of theEARLY KINGDOMS of SCOTLANDPART 3: AD 715-819
c.715 - King Nechtan of the Picts takes advice from Abbot Ceolfrith of Wearmouth & Jarrow concerning adoption of the ways of the Roman Church.
716 - A Pictish army defeats King Osred I of Northumbria in battle in Manau Gododdin. The latter is killed.
722 - Death of King Bili of Strathclyde. King Teudebur succeeds to the throne.
c.729 - The Picts sign a peace treaty with the Northumbrians.
740 - Pictland is attacked by a Northurmbrian force under King Eadberht.
750 - The Strathclyde Britons under King Teudebur defeat Prince Talorgen of the Picts at the Battle of Mugdock. Decline of the power of King Angus I of the Picts.
752 - Death of King Teudebur of Strathclyde. His son, Dumnagual, succeeds to the throne and promptly loses Kyle to King Eadberht of Northumbria.
756 - King Angus I of the Picts and King Eadberht of Northumbria successfully besiege King Dumnagual of Strathclyde at Dumbarton. However, the Strathclyde Britons subsequently wipe out Eadberht's entire force at the Battle of Newburgh-on-Tyne.
760 - Death of King Dumnagual of Strathclyde.
774 - The exiled King Ealchred of Northumbria arrives in Pictland from Bamburgh, having been driven from York after unrest in the Northumbrian Church.
790 -King Canaul son of Tadg of the Picts is killed in battle against his rival, King Constantine mac Fergus of Dalriada, who, through the right of his mother, a sister of King Alpin ipe Ferach of the Picts, succeeds to the Pictish throne.
796 - King Osbald of Northumbria flees to Pictland from Lindisfarne, after a rule of only twenty-seven days and a number of murders plunge his kingdom into confusion.
Part 4: AD 820-899

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HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY of theEARLY KINGDOMS of SCOTLANDPART 4: AD 820-846
820 - Death of King Constantine of the Scots & Picts. He is succeeded by his brother, Angus II.
820-834 - Ferocious attacks from the Viking forces against Western Scotland, force King Angus II to move his court east from Argyll.
836 - Rise of Prince Kenneth mac Alpin with the help of his Norse allies from the Hebrides.
834 - Death of King Angus II of the Scots & Picts. He is succeeded by his nephew, Drust mac Constantine.
837 - Death of joint-Kings Drust and Talorgen of the Scots & Picts. They are succeeded by their cousin, Eoganan mac Angus.
839 - The Norsemen massacre the united Dalriadan and Pictish house of Fergus. Death of King Eoganan of the Scots & Picts and also of his brother, Bran. Prince Kenneth mac Alpin uses his influence to install his father, Alpin mac Eochaid as King of Dalriada. Ferach mac Bargoch, probably a maternal cousin of the late King, manages to secure the Pictish throne through the right of his mother.
841 - Death of King Alpin of Dalriada. He is succeeded by his son, Kenneth.
c.846 - King Drust mac Ferach receives military assistance from King Aethelred II of Northumbria in his fight against the expansive Scots.



































































© David Nash Ford 2001. All Rights Reserved.
© David Nash Ford 2001. All Rights Reserved.






























all above written by :
© David Nash Ford 2001. All Rights Reserved.